Effects of olive scale (Parlatoria oleae (Colvée)) attack on yield, quality and fatty acid profile of virgin olive oil

Olive scale (Parlatoria oleae (Colvée)) is a common pest in Mediterranean olive orchards which primarily causes damage on olive fruits. The quality of virgin olive oil is strongly related to the health status of the olive fruits from which is extracted. In this paper the effects of olive scale (Parlatoria oleae (Colvée)) attack on the oil yield, chemical and sensorial quality, as well as on the fatty acid profile of virgin olive oil were studied. Olive fruits (Olea europea L.) from Bova cultivar (Istria, Croatia) were collected and divided into different groups according to the presence or absence of infestation by the olive scale. Olive scale attack did not induce ripening process nor stimulate oil synthesis in the infested fruits. Healthy and infested fruit groups were processed separately to produce corresponding olive oils. As regards the oil acidity, the oil samples obtained from infested fruits had similar values as samples obtained from healthy fruits. However, olive scale attack led to slight oxidative deterioration of oil, but had no effect on sensory characteristics of obtained olive oils. Fatty acid profile was slightly affected by olive scale attack: an increase of linoleic (about 13 %) and palmitoleic acid (about 8 %), but a decrease of oleic (about 3 %) and stearic acid (about 4 %) in oils obtained from infested fruits was detected. Oleic to linoleic ratio was lower in oils obtained from infested fruits indicating its lower oxidative stability

Effects of olive scale (Parlatoria oleae (Colvée)) attack on yield, quality and fatty acid profile of virgin olive oil

Olive scale (Parlatoria oleae (Colvée)) is a common pest in Mediterranean olive orchards which primarily causes damage on olive fruits. The quality of virgin olive oil is strongly related to the health status of the olive fruits from which is extracted. In this paper the effects of olive scale (Parlatoria oleae (Colvée)) attack on the oil yield, chemical and sensorial quality, as well as on the fatty acid profile of virgin olive oil were studied. Olive fruits (Olea europea L.) from Bova cultivar (Istria, Croatia) were collected and divided into different groups according to the presence or absence of infestation by the olive scale. Olive scale attack did not induce ripening process nor stimulate oil synthesis in the infested fruits. Healthy and infested fruit groups were processed separately to produce corresponding olive oils. As regards the oil acidity, the oil samples obtained from infested fruits had similar values as samples obtained from healthy fruits. However, olive scale attack led to slight oxidative deterioration of oil, but had no effect on sensory characteristics of obtained olive oils. Fatty acid profile was slightly affected by olive scale attack: an increase of linoleic (about 13 %) and palmitoleic acid (about 8 %), but a decrease of oleic (about 3 %) and stearic acid (about 4 %) in oils obtained from infested fruits was detected. Oleic to linoleic ratio was lower in oils obtained from infested fruits indicating its lower oxidative stability

Ampelographic characterisation of grapevine accessions denominated 'Refošk', 'Refosco', 'Teran' and 'Terrano' (Vitis vinifera L.) from Slovenia, Croatia and Italy

Grapevines denominated 'Refošk', 'Refosco', 'Teran' and 'Terrano have been cultivated in the area of western Slovenia, north-western Croatia and north-eastern Italy for centuries. Despite historical documents reporting the longstanding tradition of grapevine cultivation and winemaking, the denomination and origin of these varieties is still questionable. The aims of this work were to study the genetic identity and relationship of the grapevine accessions denominated 'Refošk', 'Refosco', 'Teran' and 'Teranno' that have been traditionally cultivated in Slovenia, Croatia and Italy. For this purpose, 9 SSR loci were analysed to fingerprint 53 accessions with denominations or similar true-to-type morphologies of 'Refošk' and 'Teran'. The grapevine variety 'Refošk' cultivated in Slovenia and most accessions denominated 'Teran' in Croatia showed identical genotypes in all analysed SSR markers, and can therefore be used as synonyms. Five accessions showed identical genotypes to 'Refosco dal peduncolo rosso' variety, however five other genotyped accessions suggested individual profiles, and can be characterized as clonal mutants of true-to-type 'Refošk'/'Teran'. Accessions 'Sladki Teran' and 'Ref5/31' shared 56 % and 61 % of the alleles with true-to-type profiles of 'Refošk'/'Teran' and their parentage analysis strongly suggested a full-siblings relationship. Obtained results contribute to the understanding of the genetic diversity of grapevine varieties cultivated in this part of Europe

Ampelographic and genetic characterization of Croatian grapevine varieties

Before the Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) crisis in Croatia more than 400 grape varieties were under cultivation. Today their number is drastically decreased. Recently, many efforts in the preservation of grapevine biodiversity were undertaken: detailed inventory of varieties in different wine-growing regions, establishing of national and regional collections and their systematic ampelographic and genetic characterisation. This paper shows results of multiannual ampelographic and genetic research concerning Croatian grapevines considered as autochthonous varieties. After identification, many synonyms and homonyms were detected and unique genotypes were selected. Basic data of them are shown: description (according to OIV descriptors) and genetic profiles (9 SSR loci), growing area and status of vulnerability. Also, genetic relationship based on the shared allele distance is computed from SSR data. Results show certain level of similarity among varieties, and classify Croatia as important gene-pool in Europe. Some additional accessions which were detected and introduced into collections recently are still being investigated and characterized so that the here presented list of Croatian native grapevine cultivars is not final

Impact of Leaf Removal, Applied Before and After Flowering, on Anthocyanin, Tannin, and Methoxypyrazine Concentrations in ‘Merlot’ (Vitis viniferaL.) Grapes and Wines

7siThe development and accumulation of secondary metabolites in grapes determine wine color, taste, and aroma. This study aimed to investigate the effect of leaf removal before flowering, a practice recently introduced to reduce cluster compactness and Botrytis rot, on anthocyanin, tannin, and methoxypyrazine concentrations in Merlot' grapes and wines. Leaf removal before flowering was compared with leaf removal after flowering and an untreated control. No effects on tannin and anthocyanin concentrations in grapes were observed. Both treatments reduced levels of 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) in the grapes and the derived wines, although the after-flowering treatment did so to a greater degree in the fruit specifically. Leaf removal before flowering can be used to reduce cluster compactness, Botrytis rot, and grape and wine IBMP concentration and to improve wine color intensity but at the expense of cluster weight and vine yield. Leaf removal after flowering accomplishes essentially the same results without loss of yield. © 2016 American Chemical Society.reservedmixedSivilotti, Paolo; Herrera, Jose Carlos; Lisjak, Klemen; Baša Česnik, Helena; Sabbatini, Paolo; Peterlunger, Enrico; Castellarin, Simone DiegoSivilotti, Paolo; Herrera, Jose Carlos; Lisjak, Klemen; Baša Česnik, Helena; Sabbatini, Paolo; Peterlunger, Enrico; Castellarin, Simone Dieg

Intensidades da poda seca e do desbaste de cacho na composição da uva Cabernet Sauvignon.

A pesquisa foi realizada durante quatro anos, num vinhedo de Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.), em Bento Gonçalves-RS. O objetivo foi determinar o efeito das intensidades da poda seca e do desbaste de cacho em variáveis relacionadas aos componentes de produção da videira e à composição do mosto de uva. Os tratamentos consistiram em dois níveis de poda seca - curta e longa - e quatro de desbaste de cacho (%) - 0; 25; 50 e 75 -; com cinco repetições. O delineamento experimental foi o em blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos em parcelas subdivididas. Os resultados mostram que a poda seca e o desbaste de cacho tiveram efeito altamente significativo na produtividade do vinhedo que, na média dos quatro anos, variou de 10.971 kg/ha ? poda curta, 75% de desbaste ? a 32.819 kg/ha ? poda longa, 0% de desbaste. Houve, também, efeito significativo na produtividade por gema, peso de ramos podados por gema e por hectare, área foliar/peso fresco do fruto e produtividade/peso de ramos podados. Entretanto, o efeito nas variáveis relacionadas a açúcar e acidez do mosto da uva foi pouco expressivo. O componente 1 da análise de componentes principais discriminou o tratamento poda curta a 75% de desbaste de cacho dos tratamentos poda longa-0% de desbaste e poda longa-25% de desbaste

Osservazione e analisi delle prime produzioni linguistiche in contesto naturalistico: sperimentazione di un dispositivo per la raccolta dati a distanza

Introduzione: La situazione pandemica ha limitato l’utilizzo delle tecniche di ricerca osservative – essenziali nell’analisi dei processi di interazione adulto-bambino – rendendo necessari specifici adattamenti e nuovi strumenti per la raccolta dati a distanza. Nell’ambito di un progetto sui primi processi di acquisizione lessicale nell’ambiente familiare, questo studio affronta il problema utilizzando un approccio osservativo multi-metodo che include un dispositivo di raccolta e analisi di dati linguistici in contesto naturalistico (LENA, Language ENvironment Analysis System) e si propone una prima sperimentazione dello stesso nel contesto italiano. Metodo: I partecipanti sono 35 bambini (16 F) tra i 9 e i 15 mesi (M= 11.4, SD= 2.12). Lo studio ha utilizzato tre modalità di raccolta dati, adattate secondo le regole di emergenza sanitaria: a) il dispositivo LENA per rilevare le caratteristiche dell’ambiente acustico (parlato rivolto al bambino, rumore, silenzio, presenza dispositivi elettronici) e le produzioni vocali dei bambini in assenza di un osservatore (lo strumento, sterilizzato, veniva consegnato alle famiglie, precedentemente preparate, con foglio di istruzioni illustrate); b) due videoregistrazioni di 10 min di interazione adulto- bambino a casa, realizzate dai genitori appositamente istruiti via Zoom; c) il questionario PVB (vers. it. Del MacArthur-Bates CDI), compilato in modalità remota dai genitori. Le registrazioni sono state trascritte e analizzate utilizzando, rispettivamente, i software ELAN e CLAN. Risultati: Le produzioni vocali dei bambini e le caratteristiche dell’ambiente acustico sono state registrate con LENA per una media di 737 min (12.5 ore) di una o più giornate del bambino. L’analisi semi-automatica di LENA mostra che il parlato rivolto al bambino corrisponde al 21.91% del tempo (DS = 4.83); l’esposizione a TV o dispositivi elettronici al 2.86% (DS = 3.31); il parlato non significativo/rumori al 75.23%. Riguardo al parlato del bambino (Child Vocalization Count o CVC), il dispositivo stima 3.24 produzioni al minuto (DS = 1.22), media che aumenta con l’età. Per calcolare l’accuratezza di questa misura calcolata da LENA, segmenti di registrazioni LENA di 12 bambini sono stati trascritti manualmente per un totale di 90 min per bambino. Le analisi mostrano che il numero di produzioni vocali calcolate dall’algoritmo di LENA correla significativamente con quello della trascrizione manuale (p = .04). Inoltre, il numero di parole prodotte rilevate con il PVB correla sia con il CVC (p = .05) sia con i tokens calcolati dalle videoregistrazioni (p = .009). Discussione: L’utilizzo di un approccio multi-metodo inclusivo di LENA permette una stima attendibile del parlato del bambino anche in assenza dell’osservatore nel contesto. L’utilizzo di LENA offre nuove risorse per la ricerca in contesto naturalistico, sebbene un’approfondita analisi di validità e affidabilità dello strumento sia necessaria nel contesto italiano

Early leaf removal has a larger effect than cluster thinning on grape phenolic composition in cv. teran

This study aimed to assess the effects of early leaf removal (ELR) and cluster thinning (CT) on vegetative growth, yield components, and berry composition of Teran (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in the Istria region of Croatia. Both treatments were compared with an untreated control (UC) during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. ELR involved the removal of six basal leaves at the preflowering stage, while in CT, 35% of clusters were removed at the onset of veraison. Both ELR and CT resulted in lower yield per vine compared to UC (22 and 37% less, respectively), and in greater Brix at harvest (+1.3 and +1.0, respectively). The concentration of total phenolics in grapes increased by 19% in ELR and by 6% in CT compared to UC, while total anthocyanin concentrations increased only in ELR (+20% versus UC). Despite greater yield and a lower leaf area-to-yield ratio compared to CT, ELR achieved higher total anthocyanin and phenolic concentration, suggesting that ELR is more suitable than CT for the production of high-quality Teran grapes. \ua9 2017 by the American Society for Enology and Viticulture

Targeted UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS profiling of phenolic compounds for differentiation of monovarietal wines and corroboration of particular varietal typicity concepts

Targeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometric (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) profiling of phenolic compounds was utilised for varietal differentiation of 173 wines made from four red and six white grape varieties. Among 58 identified phenols many were found relevant as exclusive or partial discriminators between wines. Successful differentiation models were built by linear discriminant analysis with the percentage of correct classification higher than 95% in all cases, with peonidin 3-(6″-acetyl)-glucoside and taxifolin as the most potent differentiators between red, and cis-piceid between white monovarietal wines. Diverse typical colour attributes among the monovarietal wines were tentatively ascribed to the variations in the composition of monomeric anthocyanins. Plavac mali red wine exhibited the most specific composition, and its most typical samples were distinguished by the abundance in trans-fertaric acid, isorhapontin, phlorizin, quercetin 3-rhamnoside, and myricitrin. Despite positive correlations with particular astringent flavonols, the typical astringency of Plavac mali wine remained unresolved